- Preferred translation
- existence
- Technical sense
- original graded reality
- Distinguish from
- ʿadam (non-existence) — ʿadam is non-existence, the privation of what is of a kind to exist; wujūd is existence.
General Technical Meaning
Existence is a primary intelligible grasped without definition and opposed to non-existence; its divisions and modes require contextual specification.
In ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s Works
Bidāyat al-Ḥikmah
original graded reality — explanation
Existence is characterized as one graded reality whose differences belong to its grades.
Limits of this account
It does not settle every later dispute about individual grades of existence.
Nihāyat al-Ḥikmah
original graded reality — definition and use
Existence is stated to be ontologically original and concrete reality.
Limits of this account
It does not identify quiddity with existence, nor use ḥaqq as a Divine Name.